HIV Infection of Macrophages: Implications for Pathogenesis and Cure

Kiera Leigh Clayton; Victor Garcia; Janice E. Clements; Bruce D. Walker

doi:10.20411/pai.v2i2.204

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Published: May 24, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20411/pai.v2i2.204

Keywords:

HIV/SIV pathogenesis, macrophages, viral reservoir, replication competent virus, animal models of HIV infection

Kiera Leigh Clayton

Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA

Victor Garcia

Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Janice E. Clements

Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-1457

Bruce D. Walker

Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Maryland;

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-9245

Abstract

Although CD4⁺ T cells represent the major reservoir of persistent HIV and SIV infection, accumulating evidence suggests that macrophages also contribute. However, investigations of the role of macrophages are often underrepresented at HIV pathogenesis and cure meetings. This was the impetus for a scientific workshop dedicated to this area of study, held in Cambridge, MA in January 2017. The workshop brought together experts in the fields of HIV/SIV immunology/virology, macrophage biology and immunology, and animal models of HIV/SIV infection to facilitate discussions regarding the role of macrophages as a physiologically relevant viral reservoir, and the implications of macrophage infection for HIV pathogenesis and cure strategies. An emerging consensus that infected macrophages likely persist in the setting of combination antiretroviral therapy, driving persistent inflammation and contributing to the viral reservoir, indicate the importance of addressing macrophages as well as CD4⁺T cells with future therapeutic strategies.

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